short YouTube video by Koku Footwear showing handwelting
- saddle stitching
- piercing inside-out
- sewing with long needles curved at the ends
- passes the outside needle in and through all the way
- pulls the outside-inward thread slightly backwards to help pull the inside-out needle through the hole
- casts the outside loop around the tip of the needle three times before pulling it through
- pulls the outside stitch barehanded, wrapping thread around the forefinger
- hammers the stitch while still holding it tight on the outside
- then wraps the awl haft to pull tight on the inside, pulling the outside thread again, at the same time