Process
Each end of each nail is heated with an open flame, then spread with a hammer over an anvil until flat. Point and head ends are flattened in the same plane to the nail shank lies flat on the shank liner or directly on the insole.
Cowboy Boots
Cowboy boot makers recommend different size nails by US penny size:
| Size | Length | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 30d | 4½″ | |
| 40d | 5″ | women's boots, smaller men's dress boots |
| 50d | 5½″ | larger men's dress boots, men's work boots |
| 60d | 6″ | very large men's boots |